On the other hand, sponge-based AE schemes that protect against such attacks are serial and cannot be parallelized. ![]() Currently, there exist parallel sponge-based AE schemes, but they are not protected against simple power analysis (SPA) and differential power analysis (DPA). They also offer security features for protection against active or passive adversaries. Sponge-based AE schemes provide functional characteristics such as parallelizability, incrementality, and being online. The Block cipher was the dominant primitive in constructing AE schemes, followed by stream ciphers and compression functions until the sponge construction emerged in 2011. Since its birth in 2000, authenticated encryption (AE) has been a hot research topic, and many new features have been proposed to boost its security or performance. For any of these permutations, an implementation that supports both encryption and decryption requires less than 1.9 kGE and 2.8 kGE for 80-bit and 128-bit security levels, respectively. We instantiate APE with the permutations of three recent lightweight hash function designs: Quark, Photon, and Spongent. APE therefore requires a permutation that is both efficient for forward and inverse calls. To decrypt, APE processes the ciphertext blocks in reverse order, and uses inverse permutation calls. We formally prove that APE is secure, based on the security of the underlying permutation. In this paper, we propose APE as the first permutation-based authenticated encryption scheme that is resistant against nonce misuse. At the same time, a lot of cryptographic schemes actually require the nonce assumption for their security. ![]() It is very costly to avoid nonce reuse in such environments, because this requires either a hardware source of randomness, or non-volatile memory to store a counter. ![]() The domain of lightweight cryptography focuses on cryptographic algorithms for extremely constrained devices.
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